Most probably you may have not… Assisi Embroidery is a type of counted-thread embroidery with foundations that range back to the 13th century in a small town called Assisi in Italy. The background is filled with embroidery stitches and the main motifs are left void and unstitched. Hence this embroidery has been coined as the voiding method. The background is generally cross stitch with rich colors like red, gold, bright blue and parrot green. There are 2 techiques to do Assisi embroidery, the old fashioned way being to draw figures on the fabric free hand and the modern way to construct the pattern on paper and then transfer to the cloth.

The Assisi embroidery are as beautiful as modern day carpets. Check out the Snowflake design to the left. The intricate patterns of this hand embroidery would leave the viewer stunned. As one can see, it is the voids that make the design while the stitches outline it.

Italy has had a long historical tradition of bright and colourful embroidery. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries monastic embroideries developed a simpler style where designs and motifs were voided on fine linen cloth with the outlines and background embroidered in coloured silk. Motifs were strongly influenced by traditional designs of bird or animal pairs surrounded by elaborate scrollwork. These early articles were most often used for religious purposes e.g. altar cloths and chasubles.

One can see a basic Assisi embroidery below which gives a clear picture of the cross stitch techniques used.

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, however, this form of embroidery fell into decline and many of the designs and motifs were lost. It was only at the turn of the 20th century that the practice was revived in the Italian town of Assisi from which this form of embroidery gets its name. In 1902 the ‘Laboratorio Ricreativo Festivo Femminile San Francesco di Assisi’ was established. The aim of this handicrafts workshop was to revive traditional local handicrafts and provide employment to poor women to supplement their income. This cottage industry flourished and these more modern designs, using the counted thread technique, quickly spread throughout Italy, Europe and further abroad.

In the last 20 years, a modern version of Assisi embroidery has evolved. Many different colours and patterns are used for the background, and the motifs are extremely varied. However, it is heartening to note that the traditional version is still practised in the town of Assisi where one can see the local women sitting in front of their houses and embroidering Assisi work items for the local co-operative embroidery shop.

Check out an Assisi embroidery techniques book by Pamela – Assisi Embroidery: Technique and 42 Charted Designs (Dover Needlework)

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An embroidered pattern done on paper is known as paper embroidery.   Simple, isn’t it?  It can get a bit complicated though!

So, when did paper embroidery begin in the world?  Let us trace the evolution and history of this unique and amazing art.

Pin Pricking
The history of embroidery on paper can be traced back to the late 1700’s when pin pricking was used to adorn paper cards and enhance painted pictures. The pricking was done from either side which gave a different texture. Different size needles and tools were used to create various size holes. It is recorded that in the early 1800′s, Marie Antoinette used pin pricking on stationery she sent while imprisoned. Pin pricking surely had some influence on the Victorian fancy-work designs that used a pre-punched paper. This can certainly be considered embroidery on paper because the ladies stitched the pre-printed designs using the holes in the paper. Many of these designs were used as Christmas ornaments or wall hangings. The larger designs were of the mottos of the day, often spiritual in nature. As with many needlework techniques, this one began to die out in the early 1900’s.

String Art
String art was invented by Pierre Bezier in the late 1700′s. This refers to an arrangement of string that forms abstract geometric patterns or patterns that resemble an object.

Spirograph
Another contributing factor was the invention of the Spirograph by British engineer Denys Fisher. This new toy debuted at the 1965 International Toy Fair.  The Spirograph produces mathematical curves using disks made of plastic with holes strategically placed in the plastic circle.

And finally…Paper Embroidery

With an evolution of art springing from the above forms, in the 1980′s people started creating scrapbook pages and handmade cards. Creativity flourished and soon embroidery on paper began appearing. Dutch designer Erica Fortgens began writing books with patterns and instructions and officially the terminology – paper embroidery came into being.

Check out the sample of paper embroidery alongside this post.  As you can notice, the holes are prepunched by the embroiderer and the needle then passes through the holes along with the thread. This process is critical else the paper would get damaged.  A paper embroiderer needs to master this art of prepunching first before moving to the next step.

Wish you all the luck in all your projects!

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